Rasagiline: Neurodegeneration, neuroprotection,
and mitochondrial permeability transition
by
Youdim MB, Bar Am O, Yogev-Falach M,
Weinreb O, Maruyama W, Naoi M, Amit T.
Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for
Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology,
and Rappaport Family Research Institute,
Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
J Neurosci Res. 2004 Nov 30
ABSTRACTMitochondria are involved directly in cell survival and death. The assumption has been made that drugs that protect mitochondrial viability and prevent apoptotic cascade-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTp) opening will be cytoprotective. Rasagiline (N-propargyl-1R-aminoindan) is a novel, highly potent irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitor anti-Parkinson drug. Unlike selegiline, it is not derived from amphetamine, and is not metabolized to neurotoxic L-methamphetamine derivative. In addition, it does not have sympathomimetic activity. Rasagiline is effective as monotherapy or adjunct to levodopa for patients with early and late Parkinson's disease (PD) and adverse events do not occur with greater frequency in subjects receiving rasagiline than in those on placebo. Phase III controlled studies indicate that it might have a disease-modifying effect in PD that may be related to its neuroprotective activity. Its S isomer, TVP1022, is more than 1,000 times less potent as an MAO inhibitor. Both drugs, however, have neuroprotective activity in neuronal cell cultures in response to various neurotoxins, and in vivo in response to global ischemia, neurotrauma, head injury, anoxia, etc., indicating that MAO inhibition is not a prerequisite for neuroprotection. Their neuroprotective effect has been demonstrated to be associated directly with the propargylamine moiety, which protects mitochondrial viability and MTPp by activating Bcl-2 and protein kinase C (PKC) and by downregulating the proapoptotic FAS and Bax protein families. Rasagiline and its derivatives also process amyloid precursor protein (APP) to the neuroprotective, neurotrophic, soluble APP alpha (sAPPalpha) by PKC- and MAP kinase-dependent activation of alpha-secretase. The identification of the propargylamine moiety as the neuroprotective component of rasagiline has led us to development of novel bifunctional anti-Alzheimer drugs (ladostigil) possessing cholinesterase and brain-selective MAO inhibitory activity and a similar neuroprotective mechanism of action.and further reading
Bcl-2
Rasagiline
Neuroprotection
Parkinson's disease
Rasagiline: structure
MAO-b inhibitors/PD
Anti-apoptotic activity
Molecular mechanisms
Rasagiline pharmacology
Parkinson's disease: resources
Antioxidant strategies against aging
New drugs to treat Parkinson's disease
Anti-Alzheimer/anti-Parkinson's drugs
Rasagiline versus selegiline metabolites
Dual AChE and MAO inhibitors and Alzheimer's
Rasagiline v selegiline: neuronal survival effects
Are propargylamines neuroprotective in Parkinson's disease?
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